Business Operations and Logistics - Tescos Empire Essay

Business Operations and Logistics - Tescos Empire - Essay Example Supply chain management is a broader concept and which has been defined as it consists of the planning and management of procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities including manufacturing operations, processes and activities related to product design, sales, marketing, finance and information technology (Council of Supply Chain Management, 2013, p. 187). In this regard, Fisher (1997) states that supply chain management includes both internal and external logistics activities between companies. And this has been illustrated by the graph 1 representing the internal supply chain. This graph depicts that the process of supply chain begins from suppliers, which is external entity entering into logistics dealings with the company. In other words, the companies are required to ensure the external flow of logistics in which communication, delivery of supply, rates, designs; type and quantity are those important factors that are considered before going to the physical flow of goods or products. This graph 2 clearly highlights different aspects of logistics and supply chain management. Each aspect has its own influence on different logistics activities as the business world has become highly connected and reliant on business dealings and relationships and these dealings are mainly reflected through logistics and supply chain management as mutual business interests The graph 3 represents Tesco’s internal supply chain. The company’s internal supply chain consists of six stages and each stage has its own functions. For example, in the first stage, dairy source, the process of collecting dairy milk takes place. In this stage, the company affiliates interact with the dairy owners and from company’s own farm houses; from the company’s own farmhouses, milk is directly forwarded to dairy factory whereas milk is collected from the independent dairy owners at a pre-determined time.

Learning Portfolio Essay Example for Free

Learning Portfolio Essay During the semester, I have had to develop a unique study structure that was going to maximize the efficiency with which I utilized my study time. Before starting the course, I read the study handbook so that I could get a rough idea of what the course entailed and the nature of information I would be required to familiarize myself with. This enabled me to identify other relevant sources of information besides the books suggested in the recommended reading list. In the process of reading these materials, I took brief notes of the ideas and points that appeared noteworthy. Being in a non-English speaking country, obtaining relevant books and other resource materials was somehow challenging. I learned to utilize the internet to get books and journal articles from electronic libraries and databases. I also had to subscribe to various journals so that I could get updated news about the course since I realized that criminology is a dynamic topic and it requires one to get case studies and briefs. After the onset of the course, I had to develop effective study habits so that I could organize my time while staying on top of my work. I realized that in order to succeed, I had to make the right decisions about managing my time and resources. I had to give my studies the priority they deserve and I did not let friends or family dictate to me on what aspects of my life were more important than others. My concentration and grasping ability is at its peak during the morning hours, at quiet and cool surroundings which do not offer any distraction. I engaged in discussions and debates surrounding the course material since I know getting the perspective of my fellow students and their contributions on the points I might have missed is very important. Concerning my assignments, I always make sure I have completed them on time and I review them before every class. I also co-relate assignment content and what is in my notes to ensure that I have completed them satisfactorily. I rely on my notes for this because they are very comprehensive since I review and update them after every class; usually including paraphrasing content in my own words and including examples. These study strategies I adopted during the semester are very effective, and after cross-checking with my fellow students and a collection of study guides available in the internet, I found out that they are still very relevant. Of course, I know there will always be ways of improving them as challenges mount. For example, I found out that I had actually misunderstood some concepts and ideas I had assumed I fully understood, so I need to liaise with my professor and study group more. When I started this course, I did not have a clear understanding of what was really expected of me. I did not know if what I was doing was right or wrong, so I had to get the help of my fellow students, friends who had already graduated from the course and my professor to help me learn how to express my points and ideas. I always want to feel that I am living up to expectation, so I always seek feedback to help me identify areas I can improve on. I have formed a consistent effort to request my colleagues and supervisors so that I can refine my perspective regarding key concepts and ideas. In my attempt to be an all-rounder, I specify the kind of feedback I need from my colleagues, professors and supervisors at work. I do not just ask for a critique of the quality and quantity of effort I put in my studies or my work, but I also seek to find out other people’s perception of how effective or ineffective my interaction with other people and the system is. I also gave some of my essays to friends and colleagues to read; and used their criticism and opinions to improve on my essay writing skills. I feel that I can use the feedback I obtain regarding my study and work strategies and quality to improve by developing plans of action based on it on a regular basis. Feedback is effective only if it is involved in the review of strengths and weaknesses so that the actions taken can be specifically tailored to build on my strengths and work on my weaknesses. It is however important to note that feedback can only be genuine if the seeker also reciprocates by giving feedback to the people he or she seeks opinion from. Even though some people may not like getting feedback on their performance especially if it is negative, I try as much as possible to reciprocate by giving genuine feedback to those willing to acknowledge it so that I can receive an equal measure in return. I would be honest if I say that this course has been an eye opener for me. Through planning my time to fulfill course requirements like attending to classes and completing my assignments in time, I have learnt to be more organized not only in class but in other spheres of my life. The need for efficiency made me engage in research in an attempt to identify better, faster and more effective reading styles, and I perfected these on this course. I have attained a better reading speed and I have become better in both written and spoken English. Through research and preparation for writing my essays, I have improved on my writing skills a great deal. I have learnt several referencing styles and I could even take a chance at professional writing as of now. Criminology requires articulate presentation of ideas, facts and arguments; and this course has increased my analytical skills and the depth of my thinking. In the past, I have sort of been what social scientists would call a right brain thinker. To me, an occurrence or a phenomenon was true or false, black or white. But the course has taught me to think from different perspectives. This has been a big change for me bearing in mind that I have been quite opinioned about criminology issues; but I have learned to pay attention and get many sides to any event. Starting university has had an enormous impact on my academic, personal and work life as well. Being a student and working at the same time is a challenge for many people. I work and study; and since I realize that both are important to my life, I don’t let one take the time of the other. I do not take time off to study or skip classes to work or because I worked late; but I do take some hours off to catch up on my assignments and to engage in extracurricular activities to refresh my faculties and also to write my essay. As far as my private life is concerned, my academic engagements have made it necessary to study on most nights and weekends; but the experience has been good since I have gained the ability to see things from an academic and professional angle and reason likewise. This course has definitely induced a lot of changes in me. For starters, I have learned to be flexible to divergent thoughts and ideas, and since I have learned so much in the process, I have found out that some of the opinions I hold regarding other people and occurrences are not necessarily justified. With an increase in knowledge comes a change in heart, and the new ideas, concepts and facts I have learned have changed my opinion and attitude a great deal. Since the beginning of this course, I have continually learned that there is so much information out there for me to absorb and apply in my essays, arguments and in my professional life. Information for real has the capacity to change someone’s beliefs. The more I am challenged, the more I have become aware of the need and the virtue of being able to tolerate the values, beliefs and attitudes of other people. By virtue of the amount of literature I have had to cover, my attitude towards work has changed. Work, be it academic or professional, is no longer an obligation to me, but an opportunity to improve my vistas of knowledge and my capacity to interact with people, information and real life circumstances. In other words, the course has given me an opportunity to grow in character as a person. Through the study of moral values as they apply in criminology and psychology, I have learned that morality is a very personal issue; and that not a single person can rationally claim to have more superior values as compared to others. In as such, my attitude to people has changed a lot, and I am no longer quick to judge the actions of others without first establishing the motives behind their actions. Creative and research and essay writing has taught me the importance of respecting intellectual property. I have come across so much written material in this course; materials which have increased my knowledge base in ways I could not have imagined. It is a matter of fact that people somewhere took their time to do research, derive facts and write them down plus their relationship to and application in real life situations. It is not only responsible but also ethical therefore to respect their rights to their work by responsibly using these works. Responsible use of literary material is achieved by avoiding plagiarism. This entails proper use of resources and the application of correct referencing techniques to cite the contribution of existing literature in any produced essays or research papers. I had never done any referencing before, but the resources providing guidelines for referencing available at the university website helped me a lot in learning how to responsibly utilize literary materials without abusing intellectual property. As I pointed out earlier, I did not know what was expected of me before actually joining this course. As the course progressed, I came to realize that it is actually a very interesting course. Even though it is quite challenging in terms of difficulty in comprehending some of the concepts taught, I do not regret taking it. The course has made me understand people better and have valuable insight on the motivations people have while committing some of the activities they commit. As I said earlier, I had to work as I undertook this course. The responsibilities could have been overwhelming for most people and their families, but the experience brought me closer to my wife who supported me throughout the duration of the course and has still continued to support me. In terms of my professional experience, the course has opened up my mind and conscience. I have met a lot of interesting people and the experience has made me a better communicator, improving the relationship between me and my work colleagues. I am a very ambitious person and I want to continue growing professionally, that is why I decided to further my education in the first place. My ambition sometimes brings me at odds with my colleagues, but I have known how to effectively handle their aggressions. I hope that these skills are going to push me up the professional ladder, even though this is going to take some time considering the system of my place of work.

Monet Vs. Degas: Impressionist Aesthetics Essay example -- essays rese

Although from the same artist group, these Impressionists originated from backgrounds that seemed worlds apart. Claude Monet, known as the â€Å"Master Impressionist† varied the themes in his artwork more than any other artist did. Monet’s work â€Å"Impression Sunrise†, of which the term â€Å"Impressionist† originates also gives rise to the title â€Å"Master Impressionist†. Edgar Degas started his career as an artist with nothing in common with Monet but the era in which they lived. From themes to brushstrokes and choices of colours, Monet and Degas started their relationship as Impressionist artists on opposite ends of the earth. However, towards the climax of their lives as artists, Monet aided Degas in adopting Impressionist Aesthetic qualities. Monet chose to depict exquisite landscapes from his own gardens and elsewhere, particularly in France. He uses small, elegant brush strokes and vibrant colour to match the scenes he paints. In the mid-1870’s, Monet’s influence over Degas lead Degas to lean his colour choices nearer to those of other Impressionists. In addition to this, Degas began employing pastels, which gave his works a more granular affect that more closely resembled those of other Impressionists. For numerous years in his life, after attempting to paint his the first of his famous â€Å"Haystacks† ,and, being unable to seize the right shading or colours due to the rising sun, Monet was intrigued by the affect of weather and light on his outdoor projects. On the other hand, Degas, although also concentrated mainly in France, based his works on people, nudes and ballerinas in particular. Monet never painted a nude. Monet and Degas' earlier works have notably different brush stroke styles. While Monet has tended to lean towards the short, choppy and yet delicate, Degas’ strokes blended virtuously unnoticeable. However, these seem to correspond with their earlier themes and objectives. Monet mastered the art of illustrating waves with his brush stroke style, Degas, the curve of a woman’s body or the sheer coat of a young colt. The colours chosen by either artist’s match the scenes they tend to choose to paint. Degas normally chose colours that would show deep contrast between the background and foreground. Monet chose colours the gently blended and showed vibrancy but that created a kind of stable balance in the greater part of his paintings. Degas’ brushstrokes a... ...uring his later years; he painted almost no people in his work as he physically ripened. Both these artists’ lifestyles largely affected the aesthetic principals in their works. Degas depicts incredible detail on his subjects foreground and faces in particular while leaving the backgrounds of his works slightly hazing; therefore rendering them almost unimportant to his works. An example of this would be one of Degas earlier works: â€Å"Achille De Gas in the Uniform of A Cadet† c. 1855. However, Monet varied his work much more than Degas did. The evolution of Monet’s artistic style was extreme. Although both artists are of the Impressionist Movement, Degas and Monet started on very contrary bases in their approach to their production of painting and such. However, Monet influenced Degas into adapting his art to fit it into the Impressionist stereotype. Degas’ influence over Monet was minimal to non-existent putting aside his decision to add other colours to his palette. Since Monet was the leader of the Impressionists, this can be expected. If extensively examined, Degas’ later works and Monet’s works can be comparable; if not approach or style then in paint and pastel application.

Comedy of Errors, Adrianna/ marriage Essay -- essays research papers

Marriage: What Can you Posses?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within the very beginning of the story we see that the characters are placed into a society of which there is seemingly very little value in a persons humanity and kindness, but rather the society into which we first enter is seen as almost materialistic, and even though Egeon, has lost a wife and son, the Duke of Ephesus is only concerned with the money from which he can extract from Egeon. We see here that in order for Egeon to keep his marriage alive he has to pay for his life and so we begin to see the trend of what one can posses in a marriage, instead of love and respect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We see this act of possessions come through most clearly in the relationship of Adriana and Antipholus of Ephesus. We see that Adriana is jealous of her husbands freedoms when she knows that he married her only because of her wealth, a fact we find out later on in the play, but as she states, â€Å"Why should their liberty than ours be more?† (II,10). When Luciana states to her sister, â€Å"because their business is out of doors† that only serves to infuriate Adriana even more and retorts that Luciana speaks without experience and that once she is married, she will have a different point of view. As they debate, Dromio of Ephesus returns and reports the bizarre behavior of his master saying that Antipholus is mad and will talk of nothing but his gold. Furious, Adriana is thinking that yes her husband married her for her...

Struggles in Implementing Agrarian Reform in the Philippines “Agrarian Reform: A Struggle for Social Justice”

ABSTRACTThe paper entitled â€Å"Agrarian Reform: A Struggle for Social Justice† aims to give the current status of agrarian reform in the Philippines. It also aims to provide the struggle of Filipinos for social justice in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). This paper aims to explain why land reform is slow here in our country. This will also try to shed light on what agrarian reform is and will give the clear and precise Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law. Furthermore, this paper will also tackle the issues involving the fairness of social justice in the agrarian reform. A part of this paper is also given for the land conversions and other ways to circumvent CARP.Outline: I. Introduction & Objectives A. Specific objectives II. Background Information A. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) in the Philippines 1. History 2. Definition 3. Purpose B. Social Justice in the Philippines 1. History 2. Definition 3. Purpose III. Analysis & D iscussion A. Issues on the agrarian reform implementation in the Philippines B. Reasons for the slow implementation of agrarian reform C. Land Conversions and other ways to circumvent CARP IV. ConclusionV. References Cornista, L. B. (1987). The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program: An Analysis of its Policies and Processes. Laguna: University of the Philippines. Lopez, A. P. (2003). Batas: The Uncompleted Historic Mandate, Quezon City: DAR. Sebucao, J. T. (1995). The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) as critically viewed by the DAR officials and beneficiaries: its economic and educational contribution.Annotated Bibliography 1. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program : an analysis of its policies and processes This book provides information about the policies and processes of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. 2. Batas: The Uncompleted Historic MandateThis book is about Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the Philippines and provides information on the hist ory of land reforms in our country. This also provides information on the government policies regarding land reform in our country. 3. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) as critically viewed by the DAR officials and beneficiaries This book provides the analysis of DAR officials and beneficiaries on what the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) is.

Simple Rules for Rounding Numbers Correctly

Simple Rules for Rounding Numbers Correctly Rounding numbers is important to preserve significant figures in calculations and to record long numbers. In everyday life, rounding is useful in calculating a tip at a restaurant and dividing the bill among diners. or in estimating the amount of cash required for a trip to the grocery store. When rounding whole numbers there are two rules to remember: First, you must understand the term rounding digit. When asked to round to the closest 10, your ​rounding digit is the second number from the right, or 10s place, when working with whole numbers. When asked to round to the nearest hundred, the third place from the right is the rounding digit or 100s place. Rules for Rounding Whole Numbers Determine what your rounding digit is and look to the right side of it. If the digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, do not change the rounding digit. All digits that are on the right-hand side of the requested rounding digit will become 0.If the digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, your rounding digit rounds up by one number. All digits that are on the right-hand side of the requested rounding digit will become 0. Rounding Rules for Decimal Numbers Determine what your rounding digit is and look to the right side of it. If that digit is 4, 3, 2, or 1, simply drop all digits to the right of it.If that digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 add one to the rounding digit and drop all digits to the right of it. Some teachers prefer another method, which provides more accuracy and is sometimes referred to as the Bankers Rule. When the first digit dropped is 5 and there are no digits following or the digits following are zeros, make the preceding digit even (i.e., round off to the nearest even digit). Following this rule, 2.315 and 2.325 both round to 2.32- instead of 2.325 rounding up to 2.33- when rounded off to the nearest 100th. The rationale for the third rule is that approximately half of the time the number will be rounded up and the other half of the time it will be rounded down. Examples of How to Round Numbers 765.3682 becomes: 1,000 when asked to round to the nearest 1,000800 when asked to round to the nearest 100770 when asked to round to the nearest 10765 when asked to round to the nearest one (1)765.4 when asked to round to the nearest 10th765.37 when asked to round to the nearest 100th765.368 when asked to round to the nearest (1,000th) Rounding comes in handy when you are about to leave a tip at a restaurant. Lets say your bill is $48.95. One rule of thumb is to round to $50 and leave a 15 percent tip. To quickly figure out the tip, say that $5 is 10 percent, and to reach 15 percent you need to add half of that, which is $2.50, bringing the tip to $7.50. If you want to round up again, leave $8- if the service was good, that is.

Book Essays

Book Essays Book Essay Book Essay Buzzed. The Straight Facts about the Most Used and Abused Drugs Cynthia Kuhn Jackson Gemming. 8/15/12. RASH Honors Biology Buzzed, by Cynthia Kuhn, has a simple yet enormously broad topic. To give undeniable facts about the most used and abused drugs to the reader. The author tried to do this in a way that was very understandable to any appropriate reader that picked up the book. Ultimately Buzzed was made to give people the ability to make informed decisions on drug use. Each individual drug or class of drugs mentioned in the book came with common main points. First the history of drug back to its earliest known use would be given to the reader. Then, Kuhn would discuss how the drug or drugs move through the body. Consecutively, the reader would learn how the drug(s) moves through the body and/ or brain. Lastly, the author would give lists of drugs that if taken under the influence of the previously discussed drug, could cause major injury or even death. Cynthia Skunks book is very unique in its argument there isnt one. Buzzed is very neutral and strictly fact based. The book literally contains purely facts, and Seibel conclusions from recent studies with sciences latest technologies. The books goal is obvious, not to persuade, only to inform. With this basis of a book, there is no thesis or correct conclusion for the reader. What the reader concludes is purely up to their own opinions and thoughts. It is up to him or her to decide if they would take a specific drug, if it should be legal, and even what should be thought of it. What Buzzed gives to the reader, and what they decide to do with it is different for each person. In my opinion, Cynthia Kuhn achieved her purpose. She provided an encyclopedia on the most used and abused drugs in society today. It is formatted so that even a teenager could understand the content. Also, the book stayed completely neutral and factual to the reader, and focused on the goal to educate, not persuade. As the books catchphrase states, Just Say Know. I feel that the information in this book is very applicable to my everyday life. I will now be able to make decisions in my life pertaining to drugs, and have knowledge to back up my choice. Buzzed can also aid me as an encyclopedia to any drug I may be rigorous about, dangerous or not. It is now within my power to tell a family member, friend, or colleague if a certain drug is worth it, and its affects. Cynthia Kuhn created a great and very useful book, however like all novels, it has its strengths and weaknesses. Buzzed is very good at putting out raw facts and untainted conclusions from studies. All of this very useful information is put into different classes of drugs, organized neatly, and is extremely easy to find. With these easy to find facts on specific drugs, it makes Skunks book a home encyclopedia for drug use. However the way this novel is created also brings problems. In my opinion, this book is not meant be read all at once, and the reader is not supposed to absorb all the information in the book. It is designed to be picked up while searching for something specific (similar to an encyclopedia). Although Buzzed for the most part is get confused with the language and terms. The novels factual way of getting out information can turn bland very fast on the reader, making it very hard to read the book for extended periods of time. Cynthia Kuhn and the contributing authors are more than qualified to produce such a read. Cynthia herself is a professor of pharmacology at Duke University, and leads the Pharmacological Sciences Training program there. Scott Swarthier is a professor of psychology at Duke University, and is a clinical professor of psychiatry. Willie Wilson is also a professor of pharmacology at Duke medical center, and served as a neurobiology program specialist. Contributing authors also included and international development officer, and international public relations leader. I agree with the author(s) that a strictly factual book about legal and illegal drugs is the best ay to educate people, and give them the ability to make knowledgeable decisions in their life. My overall response to the book was that it accomplished exactly what it wanted to. I found it to be extremely informative, and at times interesting. I was particularly interested on the drugs that were most popular in my community, and on the subject of addiction (IPPP). Personally, it was satisfying to me to get what was right and wrong about the very popular drug, Marijuana (IPPP)b . Specifically, on how there are negative affects to the typically called harmless drug. However is used in moderation, it is harmless! The author used a very relatable situation to describe the various levels of addiction. She used a story of a man, and his visits to a bakery. Cynthia would compare addiction and story by how the man would change his day to get a donuts at the bakery before work. The man would make increasingly drastic changes to the point where he would lose his Job and apartment all for the bakery and donuts! It was very intriguing and easy to imagine. I would recommend this book to others for very many reasons. I believe that educating the community in drug facts, not opinions, is very important. Buzzed does just that. Informing the community leads to knowledgeable decisions on drug laws. Such decisions would change the everyday life of a citizen, and could even help the economy. I think that it is very important that kids who are interested in drugs, professionals, parents, and politicians get educated in drug facts, and have a resource that they can go back to. Buzzed, by Cynthia Kuhn, left me with many impressions and thoughts about society and drug use. I now know that there are so many myths about so many drugs in my community, which are completely untrue. I now have a basis of complete and otter facts. Whenever I or a friend has a curiosity for a certain drug, I can obtain the information on it. I was also left with the impression that I missed an amount of content from the book because I am not familiar with biology. I feel that after this school year, I could better understand the concepts and terms used in the book. If I could give one piece of advice to a future reader of Buzzed, it would be to not read it all at once. First, read about the drugs that interest you. Overall, Cynthia Kuhn released a very unique book that could change the minds of many.

State Unit Study of California

State Unit Study of California These state unit studies are designed to help children learn the geography of the United States and learn factual information about every state. These studies are great for children in the public and private education system as well as homeschooled children. Print the United States Map and color each state as you study it. Keep map at the front of your notebook for use with each state. Print the State Information Sheet and fill in the information as you find it. Print the California State Map and fill in the state capital, large cities and state attractions that you find. Answer the following questions on lined paper in complete sentences. State Capital What is the capital?State Flag Who designed the flag?State Flower Where did the scientific name come from?State Bird How is this bird easily recognized?State Tree What is the average trunk diameter?State Song Who wrote the state song?State Seal What river is the miner working by? Heres a great picture of the state seal.State Animal How tall do these animals grow?State Marine Mammal How big do these whales grow?State Reptile What are the eating habits of this reptile?State Fish When did this fish become the official fish?State InsectWhat is the wingspan of this insect?State MineralWhat is the foundation of the economic history of California?State RockWhat is the coloring of this rock?State Motto What does this Greek word mean? California Printable Pages - Learn more about California with these printable worksheets and coloring pages. California Word Search - Find the California state symbols and other related words. Did You Know... List two interesting facts. California Landmarks - The state of California has designated nearly 1100 sites as California State Historical Landmarks. This site has pictures of many of them. Your Idea Becomes a Law - Learn how a bill becomes law in the State of California. San Diego Natural History Museum - Explore the activities at the Kids Habitat. Energy Quest - Energy education from the California Energy Commission. Big Orange Online - Learn about the California orange industry and create your own label. The California Gold Rush - Learn all about the California Gold Rush with this online student booklet. Odd California Law: It used to be illegal to peel an orange in a hotel room.

E-Commerce and E-Business Fundamentals (Business Report on WH SMITHS) Essay

E-Commerce and E-Business Fundamentals (Business Report on WH SMITHS) - Essay Example In addition, the corporations that cater to the requirements of media are more probable to obtain regular coverage as well as minimize the potential for errors in published stories. Moreover, the online press rooms are working as hubs for organizations, presetting the product information, latest news and visual elements to facilitate them better recognize products and services. In the scenario to enhance the online business corporations are now trying redevelop their business strategies. This report presents a detailed analysis of WH Smiths web based business re-development process and expected potential enhancements. Additionally, this report will offer a new and much better online strategy regarding the potential enhancement in the customary online business practice of the WH Smiths. This report will also present suggestions that can enhance the WH Smiths business and offer better competitive edge to the business. Business industry is by no means an exception to internet mania in view of the fact that, with the passage of time, the online business is turning out to be an exhortation. The online business means that people can buy and pay from home and even while sitting in their bedroom via an internet equipped PC or laptop. The universal wave of information technologies (ITs) development and implementation has turned out to be a driving force in approximately every part of human job. In this scenario, the internet that is a main element of this global wave has been transformed into a double-edged weapon offering a lot of opportunities, facilities, tools, and capabilities to individuals and corporations (Salifu, 2008). Liam (2009) stated that growing amount of people who make use of the internet is showing to be a boon intended for businesses that are interested in expanding their reach to the online community. Additionally, the huge number of internet clients shows a huge potential customer b ase that is there

Imperialism in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Imperialism in China - Essay Example The Chinese army was ill equipped to stand the modern weapons that Britain used (Keay, 47). The defeat of China in the first Opium war forced it to sign the Treaty of Nanjing in 1942. The treaty was unfair to the Chinese as it gave foreigners a lot of leverage in terms of trade. Hong Kong was given to Britain on a ninety nine year lease. The treaty also allowed for several ports to be opened for foreign trade and China was required to pay a fine of twenty one million dollars for the opium that was destroyed. The second opium war also known as the Arrow War pitied the Chinese Qing Dynasty against the British Empire and the Second French Empire in 1856 t0 1860. The issues of this war were similar to those of the first opium war. Due to growing imperialism, the British demanded to renegotiate the Treaty of Nanjing but China refused. This precipitated the war in which China was defeated. Further, the Western powers created Spheres of Influence in China so as to foster their economic interests. After the defeat of China in both the first and the second Opium Wars, the formulation of unequal treaties led to the creation of the six spheres of influence. The British, French, Germans, Russians and the Japanese benefited in the partitioning of China into spheres to suit their own economic interests (Kay, 149). The Taiping Rebellion that lasted from 1851 to 1864 was led by Hong Xiuquan who was a village teacher. The rebellion was as a result of dissatisfaction with the leadership of the ruling Dynasty. The Qing administration was faced by numerous challenges including natural calamities and economic turmoil of unprecedented nature. The rebels were determined to overthrow the dynasty aided by the fact that the Chinese imperial forces were weak and demoralized. Eventually, the rebellion was suppressed by an army commanded by Zeng Guofan. The Open Door Policy was a proposal by United States of America to allow all

Revenue management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Revenue management - Assignment Example Therefore, by 2020, it is projected that there will be a shift in landscape in RM. To ensure the success of RM strategies, the revenue managers in the hospitality industry need to be convinced of the ability to deliver return on investment and made aware of the resources needed to maximize potential. The hotels should also make sure that their organizational structure supports the RM policy. Besides, there needs to be a cultural understanding which major department like sales, marketing, and revenue work together to share information crucial to revenue management success. Furthermore, it is forecasted that the application of RM will become more strategic and will be supported by the increasingly sophisticated technology. This is because it includes more of income streams of the hotel. In this regard, by 2020, revenue management is likely to be applied to function-space and also incorporate revenue streams including restaurants and spas, as well as golf courses. Consequently, the RM function will become more central to operations of the hotel, and will quite to be expected be a separate department under supervision of the general manager. The core, strategic role of revenue management will need upgraded measurement techniques (Hayes and Miller 55-68). This implies that other than revenue per available room (RevPAR), the future RM might have a profit-oriented metric, for instance, total revenue per available room or the gross operating profit per available room (GOPPAR). As for the future revenue managers, they will require analytical, leadership, and communication skills. A formal RM education as well as negotiation skills would also be helpful. According to (Nessler 86), the managers would also use tools or internal compression which will aid them establish the unconstrained demand and close out close non-profitable channels. Since RM will move from tactical to a more strategic role, analytics along with supporting technology will play a crucial role in

Lawrence Heights Youth Gun Violence Research Paper

Lawrence Heights Youth Gun Violence - Research Paper Example The theme of both the essays deal with the psychological and emotional aspects of soldiers involved in war and both try to emphasize on the grueling effects that war could bring upon the soldiers. Apart from the theme, there are quite a few similarities in the ideas discussed in these two essays and they are detailed below. An account of The Things They Carried O’Brien, the author of this essay, tries to bring out the emotional burden that the soldiers carry during war, through the space of opportunities created by the explanation of physical things carried by these soldiers. The mirage of fantasy that confounds their consciousness by feeding them misconceptions of reality is clearly described by the author through the character of Jimmy Cross. Cross accuses himself for the death of his team member Lavender, because, he was the person who failed to protect him in that grave hour. At that time, Cross was completely swept off from his feet by fantasy thoughts about his love, Mar tha and his doubts over whether she is virgin or not. If this story is considered to be a description of war between love and war, then the death of Lavender clearly signifies the victory of war over love. (O’Brien, 2009) O’Brien brings out the cynical nature of war through the depressive attitude shown by Cross after Lavender’s death. Through the description of those thoughts, the author also tries to indicate the fact that most of the people who were involved in war were young and youthful – people who should have experienced the joyous life of college, in their age. Instead, the emotional guilt and coward thought haunts them in every second of their life. However, the author ends up the essay on a positive intent by elucidating the thoughts of Cross who tries to erase the memories of his girlfriend by burning her pictures and decides to believe that, to lead is better than to love. Overall, O’Brien effectively persuades the reader to think deep and relate directly to the effects felt by the burden these soldiers carried day in and day out. (O’Brien, 2009) The Ecstasy of War and its Similarities Barbara Ehrenreich tries to distinguish the two needs of war – the material advantages and psychological dominance through this essay. Although she excludes discussing about the former need, she presents a critical thought and analysis of how the psychological impact presides itself in every human’s mind. The first similarity between the two essays is how the two authors present the emotional struggle that every person faces while going to war. Barbara here presents those points with the description of how people go to the level of committing suicide to avoid the struggles they have to face in war. The second similarity is in how Barbara expresses the experiences that a youthful person could have in leading a normal life rather than fighting in war. According to her, boys become men ready to face society only th rough their experiences with social interactions but the soldiers who are completely devoid of such experiences are bound to fear and feel emotionally stressed. Third similarity comes in the idea of inhumanness in approaching. As Cross chooses to lead leaving his love, Barbara also emphasizes on people leaving out all kinds of common human emotions and fight in the war like an animal, confronting everyone with

Case study(BMW Films) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case study(BMW Films) - Essay Example BMW is very clear in fulfilling its consumer’s needs and expectations; therefore they installed the features the target audience demanded from their luxury cars. As said by McDowell the vice president for marketing of BMW, company has lots of products to offer and it yet possesses a very small market share; therefore they need to have a strong influential and creative marketing plan to advertise its campaign and maintain its share. Because of its wild unconventional and creative advertising campaigns the company has survived tough times. Through the introduction of new concepts in advertisements, BMW films have managed to maintain its market share successfully in business. Sales increased rapidly which encouraged the company to invest in this department. Market is very narrowly segmented for the luxury cars business. According to BMW’s marketing head BMW is master at understanding the psychographic demands of its consumers. The target audience of BMW is around 46 years old with an income around $150,000, majority males. These are people who eye for perfection and are willing to pay for the best. They enjoy the attitude that the car enriches their personalities with which makes them loyal to its products. They focus in serving their consumers only with specific demands and to approach them. It is important to have a proper consumer segmentation model because different consumers have different needs and expectations. The company have its primary focus on fulfiling the demands of the existing customers and further on creating awareness to expand the range of consumers. Because if the luxury products it offer there is a specific niche market who can only afford it therefore all the strategies are implemented keeping them in mind. (Durker) Peter Drucker believes that there are two basic function of a business; marketing and innovation. BMW have keenly followed the innovation path to make successful marketing plan. There are three parts of being

Lawrence Heights Youth Gun Violence Research Paper

Lawrence Heights Youth Gun Violence - Research Paper Example The theme of both the essays deal with the psychological and emotional aspects of soldiers involved in war and both try to emphasize on the grueling effects that war could bring upon the soldiers. Apart from the theme, there are quite a few similarities in the ideas discussed in these two essays and they are detailed below. An account of The Things They Carried O’Brien, the author of this essay, tries to bring out the emotional burden that the soldiers carry during war, through the space of opportunities created by the explanation of physical things carried by these soldiers. The mirage of fantasy that confounds their consciousness by feeding them misconceptions of reality is clearly described by the author through the character of Jimmy Cross. Cross accuses himself for the death of his team member Lavender, because, he was the person who failed to protect him in that grave hour. At that time, Cross was completely swept off from his feet by fantasy thoughts about his love, Mar tha and his doubts over whether she is virgin or not. If this story is considered to be a description of war between love and war, then the death of Lavender clearly signifies the victory of war over love. (O’Brien, 2009) O’Brien brings out the cynical nature of war through the depressive attitude shown by Cross after Lavender’s death. Through the description of those thoughts, the author also tries to indicate the fact that most of the people who were involved in war were young and youthful – people who should have experienced the joyous life of college, in their age. Instead, the emotional guilt and coward thought haunts them in every second of their life. However, the author ends up the essay on a positive intent by elucidating the thoughts of Cross who tries to erase the memories of his girlfriend by burning her pictures and decides to believe that, to lead is better than to love. Overall, O’Brien effectively persuades the reader to think deep and relate directly to the effects felt by the burden these soldiers carried day in and day out. (O’Brien, 2009) The Ecstasy of War and its Similarities Barbara Ehrenreich tries to distinguish the two needs of war – the material advantages and psychological dominance through this essay. Although she excludes discussing about the former need, she presents a critical thought and analysis of how the psychological impact presides itself in every human’s mind. The first similarity between the two essays is how the two authors present the emotional struggle that every person faces while going to war. Barbara here presents those points with the description of how people go to the level of committing suicide to avoid the struggles they have to face in war. The second similarity is in how Barbara expresses the experiences that a youthful person could have in leading a normal life rather than fighting in war. According to her, boys become men ready to face society only th rough their experiences with social interactions but the soldiers who are completely devoid of such experiences are bound to fear and feel emotionally stressed. Third similarity comes in the idea of inhumanness in approaching. As Cross chooses to lead leaving his love, Barbara also emphasizes on people leaving out all kinds of common human emotions and fight in the war like an animal, confronting everyone with

Indian Negotiation Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Indian Negotiation Styles - Essay Example Past and recent analyses on Indian negotiating style show that the styles adopted in Indian business environment are largely consistent with their cultural believes, social values, and attitudes towards life in general (Stephen, 2010). Indians embrace family values and respect the aspect of honesty, respect, order, and hierarchy. Indian culture also features a strong element of interpersonal communications and relationships. The individual is never separate from the deal. They view the negotiation in human terms rather than strictly technical business processes. In essence, Indian negotiating styles combines the values of culture honesty and details in ways that focus largely on the results rather than the processes. It is therefore important for business theorists to establish ways of establishing ways through which the synergies of culture, attitudes, and values can be incorporated into business practice. It is currently not known how all multinationals in India can equally achieve success in their business processes, since the Indian culture and negotiating style poses a challenge to them. Although some multinationals in India have succeeded, a considerable number have registered failure, due to lack of knowledge on how to successfully negotiate in India. Failure of these multinationals to take into account the culture and negotiating styles of India will result in their continued low profitability and productivity in India. The Problem Background For more than the past twenty years, foreign companies have been trying to gain entry into the business environment of India. Although these organizations have always managed to enter the Indian market, they have failed to realize their target profits, even as their productivity decreases each year. This contrasts the fact that the revenue of India has kept improving for the past number of years. If the economy improves, one would expect al so all the companies in the country to have increased productivity. However, this was not the case with foreign companies in India. While the growth rate of the Indian economy topped at 7 percent, the growth rate of

Approaces in normative ethics Essay Example for Free

Approaces in normative ethics Essay There are three major approaces in normative ethics including virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism. This paper is going to compare the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. It will include a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics and morality and it will also discuss an experience to explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to one of the three theories. Differences In How These Theories Address Ethics and Morality Virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism are the three major approaches in normative ethics. Virtue ethics emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, while deontology emphasizes duties or rules, and utilitarianism emphasizes the consequences of actions. Virtue ethics is also called agent-based or character ethics. According to Boylan (2009), when using the virtue ethics approach, one should take the viewpoint that in living their life they should try to cultivate excellence in all that they do. It encourages people to develop their character as the basis for the good life. Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome. Utilitarianism suggests that an action is morally right when that action produces more total utility for the group than any other alternative (Boylan, 2009). Deontological ethics judges the morality of an action based on the actions adherence to a rule or rules. This form of ethics uses rules and duties to determine what is â€Å"right†. Deontological ethics is opposed to consequentialism. Deontology maintains the wrongness of actions resides in the kind of action that it is, rather than the consequences it brings about. A deontologist, for example, would find the act of killing an innocent man wrong simply because it is the killing of an innocent man. A consequentialist might find this action wrong because it deprives someone of future happiness and causes grief to a family. Virtues, Values, and Moral Concepts For individuals who follow the deontology theory, they must apply obligations and rules to their personal conduct. An individuals obligation is to make sure they pay their bills. This helps them to support their family, which is an obligation to people who accept this kind of lifestyle. Some individuals accept not to follow this path in life. A person could easily look at an electric bill and throw it off to the side, and instead, take the money and gamble it away. This would not be the case for a deontologist. A deontologist follows their obligations. A person who follows the theory of a deontology also has to think about virtue, value, and moral concepts. There really is no way to separate the three, as they all play into the same hand. When confronted with a moral or ethical dilemma, virtue, value, and moral concepts all play a part in an individuals thinking process. Conclusion There are three major approaches in normative ethics: virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and deontology. All of these theories are used by mankind to determine what is â€Å"right† and what is â€Å"wrong†. Whatever theory an individual accepts to use as their guide, it is important to accept one of these theories in an effort to help ourselves and mankind. References Boylan, M. (2009). Basic ethics (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hursthouse, R. (2010). Virtue Ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition). Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=ethics-virtue

An Analysis On Dominos Pizza Marketing Essay

An Analysis On Dominos Pizza Marketing Essay This report focuses on the marketing activities by Pizza Hut, Dominos and Papa Johns as part of the fast food market. The report has looked at culturally diverse markets being China, India, USA and Mexico. Looking at the various cultures through an etic approach the report aim to convey the different levels of standardization and adaptation that companies have tried to establish in international markets. Through the marketing activities that have been carried out by each company respectively, this report forms a connection with cultural theories by theorists like Hofstede and Hall with the aim to establish which company is standardized or either adapted. In respect to the advertising activities, each company has been alert to meet local cultures in different countries. Eliciting responses that incorporate culture specific aspects like the Guan-xi and the Compadre in high context cultures and catering to the needs of low context cultures with increasing factual analysis in countries like USA, the selected companies have shown their high levels of local responsiveness. Through the report it is evident that have targeted their advertising to their standardized business model focusing on in house dining or a delivery system or even a standardized concept of the quality of products. Sales promotions done by these companies have brought to light the increasing elements of standardization as consumers are becoming increasingly technologically advanced in this mobile generation. Dominos has standardized its technological efforts gaining a competitive advantage giving customers the ability to see the exact location of their pizza during manufacture, customization of the pizza, online delivery etc. these companies have also been quick to gain public attention through local social media portals. Pricing affecting the level of standardization and adaptation, as this reports reflects. Affected by differing economic levels in different countries along with the stage in the product life cycle reached affecting the degree of standardization. Customer preferences and their disposable incomes also play a significant role on pricing and through the use of companies like Dominos, Pizza Hut and Papa Johns this report aims to communicate these links. With respect to the brands of the three companies the report sheds light on the different choices made by the company to maintain brand coherence and establish a meaningful relationship with their customers. With local adaptations the findings suggest branding develops a personality over time and when changed can result in negative attention. Branding when adapted correctly increases resonance the highest level in the customer based brand equity pyramid. This report also brings to mind the cultural aspects that link to websites being the initial contact point with customers and thus must be very culturally sensitive. Through the analysis it is evident that companies have adapted their websites in terms of subtle characteristics such as colour, gestures displayed, images, information provision as these affect the degree of standardization. Through this report the findings suggest that although standardization includes the benefits of economies of scale, generation of a better brand image in the global market and easier operations by the company there is an increasing need for adaptation as cultures although can be compared are greatly distinct and have to be acknowledged for a company to succeed in a host country. Introduction: The report based on the fast food market focuses on pizza making brands Dominos, Pizza Hut and Papa Johns. This report concentrates on the activities carried out by these brands across the globe in countries such as the United States of America, India, Mexico and China analyzing how cultural differences affect each brand (Fig -1). Through the analysis of the level of standardization and adaptation adopted by these brands across diverse cultures the report sheds light on the chosen companies activities: Websites, Sales Promotion, Advertising, Branding and Pricing. In the business environment is it integral to understand the differences in cultures, attitudes, environments etc. that requires firms to view their companies through a range of indices. Standardization gives companies an increasing advantage in terms of economies of scale along with common brand images as consumers have become increasingly mobile (Levitt, 1983; Craig, 1986, Yip, Loewe and Yoshino, 1988 as cited by Theodosiou and Leonidou, 2003). Dominos, Pizza Hut and Papa Johns have tried to internalize these benefits although as contended by Terpstra and Sarathy in 2000 (Theodosiou and Leonidou, 2003) these firms are affected by factors like culture, purchasing power and consumer needs therefore encouraging adaptation. This report aims to analyze marketing activities in different economically developed markets such as China and India belonging to the BRIC nations, Mexico a developing country and USA a developed nation. These markets give insights into differing price sensitivities affecting the products being sold respectively. Marketing Activities Analysis Advertising Pizza hut, Dominos and Papa Johns generally make use of Television commercials to advertise their products around the world. They use TV commercials as it enables them to reach a large target audience to deliver their marketing communications. This pull strategy fits in with the companys budgets and is adapted to meet the local requirements of the countries in which they are viewed in thereby promoting sales. Dominos Table 1 Country Tagline Language of advertisements Snap Shot of the Tagline India USA China Mexico Yeh hai rishton ka time (This is the Time for Relationships) Oh Yes We Did! 30 minutes fast heat delivery. Hindi English Chinese Surce: (Dominos.co.in, 2012) Analysis on Dominos Pizza Dominos Pizza has differentiated itself by advertising and positioning itself differently in different countries. Having altered their advertisements to local languages Dominos is able to communicate in a better way to their customers. Though their standardized pull advertising strategies (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010) the company has generated increased amounts of interest in the consumers and Dominos continues to achieve this through their adapted sales promotions. Dominos have also adopted an identical ad in two of our chosen countries being USA and Mexico, wherein the commercial speaks about the product changes that have been made in order to improve the quality of the pizzas. This global prototype ad has been adapted locally being locally responsive (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010). Dominos has also adopted a standardised pattern throughout its operations in different countries although there are elements of adaptations that can be seen through their differing taglines etc. Dominos has al so been alert to meet cultural imperatives in countries like Mexico and China in terms of compadre and guan-xi as the commercials focus on relationships and friendships being established with the brand, this tends to positively effect sales (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010). Another interesting finding has been the fact that Dominos throughout its operations in both international and home markets have focused their attention to their fundamental delivery model as they gain a competitive advantage from delivery in the pizza business. Pizza Hut Table 2 Tagline Language of Advertisements Snap Shot of the Taglines India USA China Mexico Pizzas and Much More Make it great Pizza and More Hindi English Chinese Analysis on Pizza Hut Pizza hut has been marketed in a way to meet the requirements and the likings of different countries. Throughout the advertisements that are set out by Pizza Hut it is evident that their emphasis has been on their in-house dining experience. In most commercials there are snapshots of the waiters, the ambiance, the furniture etc. This standardisation with local adaptations in terms of their different products that cater to local consumer taste preferences displays the companys emphasis on their in house dining services instead of their delivery. Mexico on the other hand portrays commercials incorporating different settings on a ship, or at a rock concert and even in consumers homes. This can be linked to the fact that Pizza Hut does not cater to the online market but caters to customers over the phone (Pizzahut.com.mx, 2008) (Fig 2.10). This can be seen as a decision to cater to the economic condition of the market, as Pizza Hut has adapted their delivery channel (Theodosiou and Kats ikeas, 2001). Fig 2.10 Pizza Hut ads in Mexico Papa Johns Pizza Table 3 Tagline Language of Advertisements Snapshots of Taglines India USA China Mexico Better Ingredients Better Pizza Better Ingredients Better Pizza Better Ingredients Better Pizza Better Ingredients Better Pizza Hindi English Chinese Spanish Source: (YouTube, 2010) Analysis on Papa Johns Papa Johns uses a standardized tagline for Indian, Mexican, USA and Chinese marekts. Papa Johns have effectively used their CEO and produced high performing ads. Consumers have perceived these ads to be authentic and genuine (Kelso, 2012) giving Papa Johns consumers an image wherein the company cares and is about real people creating a personal connect with the consumer. Overall Analysis: As advertising is a basic necessity in the marketing mix of an international brand, the chosen companies Dominos, Pizza Hut and Papa Johns have translated the needs and wants of their local consumers. Through the use of adapted symbols these companies have also aimed to meet the cultural needs of local consumers. We have also seen that the companies have adapted their languages in different countries, which is intrinsically linked to different cultures (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010). Dominos and Pizza Hut have equalized their effects of both standardisation and adaptation, which is evident in their advertisements and their messages to respond locally. Papa Johns on the other hand have adopted pattern advertising, which can be linked to the concept of thinking globally, acting locally (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010), as the brand has a common mission to provide Better Ingredients Better Pizza, but still has adapted its advertising strategies in different markets. Through this example it is evi dent that B2C advertising is greatly heterogonous as the transferring success across different countries is increasingly difficult and therefore must be adapted. WEBSITES PIZZA HUT INDIA PIZZA HUT CHINA Source: (Pizzahut.com.cn, 2012) PIZZA HUT USA Fig-3.10 Food allergies and sensitivities Fig-3.12 Book it page PIZZA HUT MEXICO Fig-3.16 Nutrition ANALYSIS Pizza Hut USA has a red background which in most western cultures signifies Christmas as it is widely celebrated across USA and Mexico uses brown which means practical, down-to-earth and comfortable (Empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com, 2009) this encourages customers to make purchases and are attracted to the websites. Pizza Hut India website also has a red background for its homepage and its delivery page. Red in India symbolizes Indian weddings and the Indian bride (Empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com, 2009) thereby attracting the Indian customer. China has a light yellow background which depicts royalty and honour in Chinese culture reflecting the standard of service provided by the company in China, being compared to a 5* experience. (Empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com, 2009). DOMINOS PIZZA INDIA Source: (Dominos.co.in, 2012) DOMINOS PIZZA CHINA Source: (Dominos.com.cn, 2013) DOMINOS PIZZA USA Fig-3.27 Tracker Page DOMINOS PIZZA MEXICO ANALYSIS Dominos has standardized layouts of its websites across the globe with white as its background colour. White symbolizes weddings and brides in the USA, and is a symbol of peace and purity in Mexico, India and China (Geert-hofstede.com, 2013) thereby motivating a purchase as customers feel relaxed when on the page. However, adaptations have been made to fit the different markets and bridge the cultural gaps (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010) PAPA JOHNS INDIA PAPA JOHNS CHINA PAPA JOHNS USA Fig-3.44 Investors Page PAPA JOHNS MEXICO Fig-3.45 Homepage ANALYSIS Overall, a certain level of standardization is seen in Papa Johns websites across countries. The websites in all four countries follow the colours of the logo. Green symbolizes new beginnings and white is sign of peace and purity in all four cultures (Empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com, 2009), which subtly encourages purchases. There is also a degree of adaptation displayed in the websites. Sales promotions, advertisements and languages are adapted in context to the cultural values of each country. OVERALL ANALYSIS Dominos Pizza has a comparatively higher degree of standardization in its website layout in all four countries as compared to the websites of Pizza Hut and Papa Johns Pizza. Dominos website background colour is mainly white in all four countries unlike Pizza Hut and Papa Johns which have adapted their background colours in accordance to the culture of the respective countries. Pizza Hut India has adapted its website layout according to the countrys high-context culture. It shows an employee using various non-verbal communication techniques to promote its products, which is not shown in the websites of the other three countries. However, Pizza Hut does not provide the option of creating your own pizza and pasta, which is offered, by Dominos and Papa Johns. Finally, Papa Johns aims to make a connection with its customers by displaying pictures of its founder and brand ambassador, John Smith on the homepages of all four countries. Therefore, although there is certain degree of standardi zation in the websites of Pizza Hut, Papa Johns and Dominos, there are also certain adaptations that have been made in consideration of the cultural differences in each country. Websites being increasingly important in creating a link with the customers, as it is a direct portal between the brand and the customer, they must be increasingly adapted to accommodate cultural differences. Websites have also reduced the barriers between customers and the company as it has become increasingly accessible over the Internet in multiple countries. SALES PROMOTION Dominos India Dominos Mexico Fig 4.8 ONLINE-ORDER DEALS Analysis: Dominos has standardised its sales promotion in three of the four countries USA, Mexico and India through Facebook uploading coupons, unveiling new items, added to their menu. These promotional items being adapted from their domestic operations are culturally accepted in the countries in which they feature and hence have increased sales and adoption rates in short periods of time (can sales promotions go global). Dominos in both USA and India have used an adaptive approach for their sales promotion through Mobile Applications. China and Mexico both do not have a Mobile Application option for their customers. In USA the app., shows the Pizza Tracker option in which people can track their order progress status (Dominos, 2012). In the Indian app., they have not adopted such style of service to the customers and kept it simple to place an order. Dominos mobile applications technology gives the company a cutting edge advantage as 80% of smartphones have ordering apps (Dominosbiz.com, 20 08). In countries like China and India, Dominos has introduced its 30 Minutes or Free sales promotion. This effective sales promotion attracts new customers as a way of increasing sales in a short span of time. Furthermore, both Dominos USA and India have used the Electronic and Plastic cards option for their customers, whereby, they can send their loved ones greeting cards or vouchers by mail or post for usage in Dominos. Mexico USA have used another system of combining few options to offer to customers who come in a group of 2 or 3 to 5. They can thereby select a type of pre-fixed menu which differentiates with India and China Dominos. Papa Johns India Papa Johns China Papa Johns Mexico Papa Johns USA Analysis: Papa Johns Pizza does not have a mobile application (standardised for the global market) for its sales market in any of the countries, they just keep it normal by online or phone orders. Taylor Swift being one of the most top and famous singers of USA came to an agreement with Papa Johns Pizza of her album RED to be sold along with a Large Pizza as a promotion. Papa Johns, USA started Papa Rewards, a Gift Shop and an E-Gift card facility in only one country which elicits brand awareness through these sales promotions thereby increasing sales. American Football being one of the most popular sport of USA (Usatourist.com, 1998), Papa Johns came up with a two million free pizza scheme in collaboration with NFL targeting the local sport-freak customers (adaptive). Pizza Hut India Pizza Hut USA Pizza Hut Mexico Fig 4.27 Online Deals Targeted Football Followers Pizza Hut China Analysis: Pizza Hut has incorporated the same pre-fixed menus in all countries chosen (India, Mexico, China USA). They have adapted these to meet social and cultural norms. In India, Mexico and China they cater to a smaller group of people starting with 2 individuals, whereas in USA they cater to a larger group of people starting with 8. This aims to target groups of customers. Due to the recession period, the lower-priced chains gained sales and the bigger chains lost theirs sales. To gain some of its lost market share, Pizza Hut launched a $ 10 promotion by which customers could get any pizza, any crust and any topping for $ 10 thereby stimulating an immediate increase in their sales (Franchisedirect.com, 2010). Mexico and USA have used a similar approach towards their customers by setting a contest of winning a double trip to Football finals and Gamer Vacation of Maxim Magazine Party Spot respectively since Football is very well known and famous in both the countries. The Gamer Vacation contest is held mainly to attract the teenage category customers and influencing them to buy more beverages so that they can build the game pieces. Gift cards available in USA and India have been adapted to meet the local market taste through the personalisation of messages. In Mexico China they do not have this type of feature. Pizza Huts mobile application enables customers to place orders online, which has been adapted only in their two big markets USA China. Pizza Hut China has adapted its Childrens Party theme with a South African theme and a London theme as the children are very fascinated by the foreign countries thus getting attracted by such birthday parties (Pizzahut.com.cn, 2012) Overall Analysis: Sales Promotion/marketing activities are incorporated to attract customers and to promote their products (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010). Pizza companies use value meals and promotions/rebates to attract budget minded customers (Franchisedirect.com, 2010). These demonstrations do significantly well in less economically developed countries where prices are out of the reach of customers. (Can sales promotions go global) Dominos quoted that technology is playing an important role in their daily sales as it is convenient for users and customers can use it in their own time as they are more relaxed in ordering over the app. It added millions in revenue for Dominos just via the mobile app. Pizza Hut also quoted that it boosted its sales by $ 1 million in a period of five months from July to November 2009 (the initial period of launch) (Franchisedirect.com, 2010). Papa Johns has not yet adopted any kind of mobile application business for their customers. Facebook and Twitter are becoming a vital medium of sales promotion for the chain of stores. It has been quoted that 85% of the Pizza-chain sales are through promotions and discounts acquired through these social media websites according to the Citigroup Global Markets (Franchisedirect.com, 2010). The previous version of sales promotion was not effective enough since it could not target any specific group. Furthermore, these social media portals are more cost effective methods of marketing and promoting the products (Baker, 2012) India, USA and Mexico have aggressively marketed their products via Facebook and Twitter nowadays while China is still lacking behind this procedure due to government regulations which prevent foreign social media and micro-blogging websites. In order to meet the growing need for social media and microblogging in China the government has introduced an inter-country social media and micro-blogging websites such as Weibo.com, e.t.qq.com, renren.com that incorp orates different sales promotion as mentioned below (Table 1). They restrict these websites to avoid any sensitive issues to be discussed publically and become a revolt against the government officials (Branigan, 2009). Table 1 Websites: Facebook Twitter weibo e.t.qq renren Social Media Micro-blogging Micro-blogging Micro-blogging Social Media Dominos India, USA and Mexico India, USA and Mexico Pizza Hut India, USA and Mexico USA and Mexico China China China Papa Johns Pizza India, USA and Mexico India, USA and Mexico China With the introduction of a variety of sales promotions companies are able to significantly increase short-term sales encourage repurchase and increase buyer switching between brands. (can sales promos go iglobal) Pricing: Dominos Pizza: Dominos USA: General Analysis: At Dominos, by adopting a standardized strategy to their supply chain and dough manufacturing processes Dominos has been able to control price escalations (Fig 5.3) . Their One Brand One System policy (Dominosbiz.com, 1983) incorporates firms using the same core products and proven suppliers maintaining consistency and quality standards across different countries. This standardization has also given rise to increased buyer power from the company giving them a competitive edge in terms of prices of equipment and non-food items. Dominos has also lowered their distribution costs by implementing a shorter internalized distribution channel. Dominos has a set of Master Franchisers who further contract Sub Franchisers adapting itself to meet cultural differences affecting the deeply rooted channels giving increased localized information. (Fig 5.4) Fig 5.4 Master Franchisers and Sub Franchisers Dominos have also standardized their business model that solely caters to delivery and carry out pizza (Doctoroff, 2012). In developing countries although Dominos has incorporated tables in their outlets. Its purpose has not been to change its business model towards in-house dining but in fact to cater to local market needs. This does not affect prices, as high investments in the delivery of a service do not have to be incurred by the company. Papa Johns Pizza: Papa Johns China General Analysis: Papa Johns is aware of the drawbacks of competitor based pricing and hence have focused their pricing strategy by meeting a premium price point (Morrison, 2012). Papa Johns claims that their products are aimed at meeting the needs of those who are looking to purchase products providing them with value and better quality as their tag line suggests- Better Ingredients. Better Pizza. (Papajohns, 2013). This standardized approach that has been adopted has been able to maintain Papa Johns global coordination. Their prices have been set higher than competitors prices communicating the perceived value of the products although they have not been placed at a level where they do not generate sales as Papa Johns is part of the big four pizza franchisers (Franchisehelp.com, 2013). Papa Johns have influenced their prices by standardizing their entry modes into international countries through a franchising model as their products are perishable and need to be located near the consumer and consump tion of the product. Pizza Hut: Pizza Hut India: Pizza Hut Mexico: Source: Nytimes.com, 2010 General Analysis: Pizza Hut has standardized their business model and aims to meet high standards through their increasingly important service scape. Their restaurants give consumers a 5 star feel, which has been replicated throughout their operations in both domestic and international markets. This increasingly high standard of their service scape has increased their costs, as they need to meet a range of standards in terms of staff, furniture, cutlery etc. These significantly increase costs and are reflected through in the pricing strategies. By adapting their pricing strategies at Pizza Hut they have been able to gain a competitive advantage meeting the growing diversity in the food market. Pizza hut also sources their materials and equipment locally which helps manage price escalation. Branding Papa Johns Analysis: Brands today have an increasingly important role as they are termed to be the most valuable assets companies have (Ghauri and Cateora, 2010 p.286). Dominos and Pizza Hut have adapted a their brand over time to match a dynamic market. This can be seen through their change in logo and packaging respectively. Pizza Hut received a negative response from their consumers as the brand had formed a strong relationship with them. Dominos has benefitted from their change and they have adopted this change throughout their operations in USA. Papa Johns a having a transferrable logo has been able to standardize its logo throughout their operations (USA, India, Mexico and China) providing meaningful associations as the brand aims to provide customers with better quality products. Looking at countries like India, China, Mexico and USA companies like Papa Johns, Dominos and Pizza Hut have aimed to further strengthen their brand image with affiliations with other brands like Coca- Cola and Pepsi, which shows (Table 1) the different beverages used by the pizza companies. Conclusion: Despite the profound benefits brought by standardization this report lays emphasis on the fact that in the fast food industry- the pizza market, companies need to be increasingly careful with their marketing activities, as standardization could not bring long-term benefits for the company in an international boundary. This is affected by the fact that cultural differences play a significant role on the success of a product in an international country. Looking at the analysis in the report advertising has been greatly affected by subtle differences as suggested by Edward Hall in this theory of High Context or Low Context cultures. The chosen companies have adapted their advertising efforts to incorporate visuals, music and information by being locally responsive. Advertising in a B2C environment must be increasingly heterogeneous as transfer of success is becomes greatly difficult. Looking at the sales promotions adopted by Dominos, Pizza Hut and Papa Johns in order to gain a short-term response in increased sales these companies have been greatly responsive to differences in cultural norms, their target markets and government regulations in dissimilar markets Pricing has also been a determinant in the success of a company in an international country. The findings suggest that pricing must be alert to accommodate national customer purchasing powers. Different stages in the evolution of the PLC in chosen countries like China, India, Mexico and USA also greatly affect the pricing of a company thereby resulting in the success or failure of a brand. Marketing activity that incorporates branding analyses the fact that with a standardized brand in international boundaries like Papa Johns gives increased brand coherence and is easily transferrable into an international markets. Pizza Hut on the other hand having created a personality with its customers could not alter its brand name and logo, as customers were not accepting of the idea. Having placed significant amounts of emphasis on the closest form of contact between customers and the company, Pizza Hut has used an innovative concept wherein a man guides customers through the Indian website meeting subtle cultural associations in terms of gestures and facial expressions. Dominos have also been innovative adapting their websites to meet the growing technologically savvy customers and have introduced new tracking techniques etc, giving customers a clear understanding of where their pizza is during the production and exactly how long it will take. Owing to these marketing activities analyzed in the report it is evidently clear that companies although focus on sales promotions being short term, in order to gain long term benefits the company must adapt itself meeting local requirements. These companies as seen also provide enough standardization so as to reap benefits from brand salience and resonance.

Hemingways For Whom the Bell Tolls: Wars Effect on Man and Importance of Time :: essays research papers

Hemingway's "For Whom the Bell Tolls": War's Affect on Man and Importance of Time At first glance Hemingway's novel For Whom The Bell Tolls appears to be an action packed war novel. But underneath all the action there are underlying ideas that reveal much about how war changes a man and causes him to realize the importance of time. Hemingway reveals these ideas about war through the narrator's thoughts and through the interaction between the major characters. Hemingway shows that war brings about a personal change, that reveals much about man's individuality and that time is limited. Hemingway reveals much about the individuality of men through the relationship of Robert Jordan and Maria. When Jordan is dying at the end of the novel he says to Maria "Thou wilt go now, rabbit. But I go for thee. As long as there is one of us there is both of us. Do you understand?"(p460) We begin to understand how we as people are never truly alone but instead are always surrounded by the memories and thoughts of those we love. When two people truly fall in love they become as one. Where one goes, both go. Robert finally says to her " The me in thee. Now you go for us both. Truly. We both go in thee now. This I have promised thee. Stand up. Thou art me now. Thou art all there will be of me. Stand up." (Pg.462) By saying this Jordan reveals how man is never an individual but instead is made up of all the influences, experiences, and memories that we have shared with others. Furthermore This change came upon Jordan as a consequence of joining the war. Before the war had started he had no idea what it meant to be an individual, or to truly fall in love. Jordan says to Maria "I have never loved someone as thee. Before our cause I never new what it was like to truly live. Or to love, as I do thee" (P160). This shows how being in the war allowed him to understand what it really meant to be a man. Before the war he never lived as full a life as he does during the war. It is the essence of war which causes these changes in him. The simple character Anselmo is also changed by the war. But instead of the changes being negative as they are with many of the other characters (except Jordan), they bring upon a positive change on him. When discussing the horrors of war with Robert Jordan Anselmo mentions "The men who come to enjoy the

Cruise Industry Essay

1. Introduction Nowadays cruise tourism is very popular form of tourism when it comes to travelling abroad. In this report we will focus on various aspects of cruise tourism. First of all on defining of cruise tourism, then we will present it’s historically. We will focus of main features of cruise ships as like family cruisers, couples cruisers, senior cruisers, singles cruisers, gay and lesbian cruisers, world cruisers, luxury cruisers and cruises to nowhere. We include our researches of target guest group: age, nationality, social status. We will also examine the most popular global cruise liners and their kind of majority passengers. Finally, to sum up, we will come to conclusion of the report which shows us results of our research and provide recommendations from author. 2. Definitions of Cruise Tourism Cruise tourism has lots of definitions and we will describe the most important ones. Cruising is defined as a passenger vessel operating for pleasure purposes only. The Ships are not involved in the transportation industry, like ferries or cargo ships. For the Cruiser, it is not a matter of going from A to B; the voyage is a part of a holiday package (Cartwright and Baird, 1999) According to Mintel Leisure Intelligence Report (â€Å"Cruise Industry† March 2001) Cruising tourism refers to time spent on a waterborne vessel for leisure purposes. Within the tourism industry, the term ‘cruising’ is generally assumed to mean sea cruising. This tends to imply trips during which the passenger is primarily based on a vessel that travels to a number of destinations, where they disembark for short periods to visit land-based sites. The vessels are generally fully equipped with entertainment and sporting facilities, and passengers are provided with full-board style accommodation. As travel expert Douglas Ward says, †Over 10 million people can’t be wrong (that’s how many people took a cruise last year)! Cruising is popular today because it takes you away from the pressures and strains of contemporary life by offering an escape from reality. Cruise ships are reality self-contained resorts, without the crime, which can take you to several destinations in the space of just a few days.†(Ward, 2001). The author Gavin MacLeod said that: â€Å"Now as a result of that show being on, the cruise industry is just growing all over the place†. 3. History of Cruise Industry. Our world began to become industrialized and started to trade with foreign lands. Therefore, with industry and wealth, which came to us, people’s instinct to visit parts of the world only read about from these explorers of the past was now a reality once again. The first shipping company to offer a scheduled passenger service from the United States to England was the Black Ball in 1818. Trade and leisure developed equally, which provided with demand the manufacture. A luxurious ship such as the Titanic, which has his own unique history, was a great example. (www.cruiseworking.com) Ships changed very little during the first half of this century. In the 1950 Oceangoing vessels were primarily used to get from Point A to Point B, especially for second- and third-class passengers, whose accommodations were in stark contrast to those in first-class staterooms. The most common voyages were transatlantic crossings from New York to London. (www.jobmonkey.com) The real blow to the cruise ship industry came in the 1960s when Boeing began selling 747s and other aircraft worldwide. Meanwhile, a global transportation network of airports with regulated common language and air traffic controllers, in coordination with the United States Federal Aviation Administration, was being established. As the decade came to a close, it was no longer fashionable, practical, or economical to travel by boat. The age of the jumbo jet had arrived. (www.jobmonkey.com) Finally, in the 1970s contributed to the idea of luxury cruise ship. Cruise ship travelers of all social classes would enjoy first-rate rooms and service. The same is true today. Gone are the days of catering for the elite, this industry is geared up for the masses and is now one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel industry (www.cruiseworking.com). 4. Types of Cruiser Cruising can appeal to everyone, no matter what their budget or interests. Activities onboard range from aerobics aromatherapy, art auctions to rock climbing! Cruising is attracting more families, with a wide range of children’s facilities and childcare on board. So, there are few specific types of cruises: 4.1 Family Cruises Cruise with families is very interesting, useful and funny. This is the great benefit of family cruise vacations is the ability to visit many destinations without constantly packing and unpacking, or piling into the car for long stretches at a time. Once you’re onboard, you don’t need to worry about a thing. Just relax and enjoy! Furthermore, family cruises have many activities and facilities. Cruise vacations can also make for a most memorable new tradition: Holidays-at-Sea. Cruise lines, such as Royal Caribbean offer special holiday menus, family activities, holiday-themed fun and even religious services. (See appendix A, p, І, for more information), (http://www.discountcruises.com) 4.2 Couples Cruises Cruisers can be endlessly romantic vocations for couples. People are trying to be more creative for their wedding, honeymoon, vow renews and that is why spend their most important and remembering time in extraordinary conditions. While any of the major cruise lines offer plenty of opportunities for fun and romance, there are those who cater specifically to couples by indulging twosomes in tons of special extras. For example, Princess Cruises helps make your special cruise even more romantic with indulgent add-ons. Swoon-worthy special occasion packages include a bottle of champagne waiting in your stateroom, spa treatments, canapà ©s or petit fours in your stateroom and more. Choose a room with a balcony and you can indulge in a lobster dinner overlooking the sparkling seas, right from the privacy of your balcony. (See Appendix A, p 9, ІІ for more information) Norwegian Cruise Lines serve up romance right in your stateroom with couple’s massages that come to you. Cruise with Holland America and take a gourmet culinary lesson together. And on a Carnival Cruise, nightly live entertainment and Broadway-worthy stage shows abound. (http://www.discountcruises.com) 4.3 Seniors Cruises This kind of cruisers are intending for more advanced people, who will find camaraderie, great times and amazing experiences while vacationing with fellow mature travelers. Also, in this section of cruising connected with differently- abled guests and guest with medical needs. For example, Cunard is one such cruise line that welcomes mature travelers. Enrichment and lecture programs let guests exercise their minds while onboard. Favorites include the Book Club, workshops on oceanography, a theatre class and more. (See Appendix A, p 10, ІІ ) Heart-healthy and delicious dining options are readily available on many cruise lines. In addition to Holland America’s Health Conscious dining option, as part of the As You Wishâ„ ¢ Dining program, guests are welcome to request any dietary needs, such as: vegetarian, diabetic, gluten-free and kosher meals. However, differently-abled guests and guests with medical needs will find Celebrity Cruises quite accommodating. Those will mobility disabilities will be able to board early, have access to scooters while onboard and can take advantage of hydraulic lifts into the sauna/pool on select ships. Deaf/hard of hearing guests as well as visually impaired gusts will also find that every attention to detail has been made to assure a comfortable, enjoyable travel experience. (http://www.discountcruises.com) 4.4 Singles Cruisers Next type of cruisers is singles cruisers, which are unexpectedly different. This form of travelling for people who welcome meeting other singles and there are those who prefer solo, quiet journeys. For example, Holland America goes out of its way to make singles cruisers happy and comfortable. Join in the solo travelers welcome at the start of your cruise. The Single Partners Program features dance partner pairings, dining with other solo cruises at your request and many activities perfect for making new friends. Chose to room with another solo traveler, or indulge in a stateroom all to yourself.(See Appendix A, p 9, І for more information) Princess Cruises also has an extensive program for singles cruisers. Special singles events let you easily meet your shipmates. And once you book your cruise, you’ll have access to an online community where you can chat with other singles cruisers before your ship departs. (http://www.discountcruises.com) 4.5 Gay and Lesbian Cruisers A small number of cruise lines cater exclusively to gay and lesbian travelers. Also, families are also welcome on specific gay-friendly cruises. For example, GLBT cruises are perfect getaways for travelers looking to relax, have a great time and meet new people. An incredible amount of onboard activities and entertainment awaits travelers on GLBT cruises. The fleet of RSVP Vacations’ ships features expansive fitness facilities, sparkling pools, bars and lounges, entertainment stages and luxurious spas. Atlantis Cruises are known for their legendary nightlife, with never ending dance parties and shows that feature top comedic, singing and dancing acts. (See Appendix A, p 10 ІІ for more information) (http://www.discountcruises.com) 4.6 World Cruisers. The most effortless and visually appealing way to visit a variety of global destinations is with a world cruise. World cruises afford you the opportunity to take in many cultures, historic sites and beautiful views without having to constantly pack and unpack and board numerous flights. For example, Cunard’s luxury cruises can include three-month journeys that take you from America to the Caribbean, then to Mexico, Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, Asia, Europe and beyond. The itineraries and shore excursions are as extensive and unique as the destinations you will visit. (See appendix A,p9, For more information). Princess Cruises’ fleet of ships that travel the world are well equipped with every creature comfort and amenity available. Brimming with entertainment, spacious surroundings and indulgent dining options, you’ll feel at home during your world journey. (See appendix A, p11, III for more information). (http://www.discountcruises.com) World cruises are largely dependent on time and money. The length of the voyage and numerous ports of call mean this vacation option is reserved for a select group of cruise travelers. If time and budget allow, a world cruise can easily be your vacation of a lifetime. 4.7 Luxury Cruisers The most interesting question is: â€Å"What is waiting on you onboard of Luxury Liner? â€Å". So, this is the answer: finest bed linens, most exquisite gourmet dining options, white-glove service and the absolute best amenities available. Elegant ballroom dancers feature guests dressed to the nines in tuxedos and gorgeous gowns. Several bars, clubs and lounges serve up fine wines and enchanting entertainment. Incredible culinary creations are presented to you by waiters expertly trained waiters. For example, Azamara Cruises also take pride in impeccable guest services and luxury amenities. Boasting one staff member per two guests, you will undoubtedly be well taken care of on Azamara Cruises. In-room spa treatments bring a bit of luxury and relaxation right to you and the onboard Wellness Consultant is available to meet with. Acupuncture at Sea is another ultra-luxurious way to melt stress away. (See Appendix A, p 10, II for more information). (http://www.discountcruises.com) Whe n budget is no option, these cruises are waiting to treat you like royalty and wrap you in luxury and comfort. 4.8 Cruisers to nowhere. This kind of cruisers, which is perfect for travelers who have limited time on their hands and a pretty tight budget, â€Å"cruises to nowhere,† are gaining popularity. Typically one or two nights in length, these cruises leave the dock and sail the waters without reaching another port of call. It’s a great way to try out a cruise line, so to speak. For example,Carnival Cruise Lines and Norwegian Cruise Line are just two of the major cruise lines that offer these fun, quick getaways-at-sea. (See Appendix A p 11, III for more information). (http://www.discountcruises.com) 5. Famous Cruise Lines around the World. There are a few but famous cruise lines around the world. They are supplying with world-class comfort and high standards of service. Some of them may have worldwide reputations while others may be known only in certain geographic areas that they visit often. â€Å"Whatever the repute of the individual cruise line, one factor that passengers like is the kind of experience they get, which more than meets their individual needs and lifestyles†(www.hobby.vocaboly.com). 5.1 American Cruise Lines American Cruise Lines are for those people who interested to visit several of exotic destinations across United States. â€Å"This cruise can take travelers to cosmopolitan cities, as well as visit remote islands that dot the coastline of the country to cosmopolitan cities, as well as visit remote islands that dot the coastline of the country† (www.hobby.vocaboly.com). (See Appendix A,12, IV for more information. In addition, there are a lot of experts on board, who let passengers into history and nature of locality. 5.2 Cunard Cruise Line Canard Cruise Line is very famous. â€Å"Traditional luxury crossings, which began in 1840, went a step further when the Queen Mary II was launched in 2004 to become the flagship known as The Most Famous Ocean Liner in the World. This is the tallest, longest, largest, and most expensive ocean liner in the world and boasts of unparalleled amenities and accommodations.† (www.hobby.vocaboly.com). 5.3 Disney Cruise Line Disney Cruise Line, for those who in hope for family experience, which suggest passengers packages and activities that meet their unique needs. â€Å"This cruise line is owned and operated by the dream makers, Disney, and it sails to the Bahamas, and has land and sea vacation packages that include a stay at the Walt Disney Resort† (http://hobby.vocaboly.com/288/famous-cruise-lines-around-the-world/). (See Appendix A,12, IV for more information) 5.5 Princess Cruises Line Princess Cruise Line is global cruise and tour company, which well-known in United States. The main advantage of Princess is variety of options for passengers. Different kind of dining, activities and facilities. â€Å"This cruise line serves most of the countries of the world, and it has a strong presence in the United States as well†( (http://hobby.vocaboly.com/288/famous-cruise-lines-around-the-world/). 6. Cruise facts and statistics According to data of Cruise Association, the passengers of cruise lines: In cruising more interested: The most popular nationalities are: The most popular visitors are: Cruisers primarily travel with: 80% of cruise passengers think that cruising is an important vehicle for sampling destination to which they may return. Cruisers indicate their return for land-based vocations as follows: Cruisers spend, approximately 1,770 $ per person per week and other vacations as compared to non-cruise vacationers who spend an average of 1,200$ 7. Recommendations According to our researches for this report, we can give you some recommendations for cruise tourism ,which you can find below: 1) Cruise agencies should be more promoted for the tourists. They can use all the resources, for example TV companies, Radio and Mass Media. 2) Better marketing through journals, newspapers, magazines and publicity, of course. 3) In some countries, cruise tourism need to pay more many for personal. 4) Government should be more creative and supportive in developing of cruise tourism. 5) The army, soldiers and officers should be more trained and experienced in cruise sphere. 6) Science and factories should step together nowadays. We are in need of new ideas and future plans. 8. Conclusion. In this report we discussed the most important and interesting information about cruise tourism. We began from explanation of term of†cruise tourism†. The second stage was the history. We started with the first shipping company to offer a scheduled passenger service from the United States to England was the Black Ball in 1818 and continued with cruise tourism industry nowadays. We examine the the types of cruisers and continued world famous cruise lines. According Cruise Association we showed the facts and statistics data. The results have shown that people are very interested in cruise travelling. Moreover we gave some recommendations that were dedicated from the answers on the questions asked by the author. To sum up, we should mention that cruise tourism is a very popular and developing sphere and we have to be always in search of new ideas and creations in it.